Usps Holy Family School Clarkston Washington Zip Extension
| Lewiston, Maine | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| City of Lewiston | |
 Tiptop: Civil War Memorial Statue, Bates College's Hathorn Hall; Bottom: the Wallace School, Kennedy Park and Lewiston City Hall | |
| Seal | |
Nickname(s):
| |
| Motto(s): Industria (Latin) | |
 Location of Lewiston, Maine, U.Southward. (in dark blueish) | |
| Lewiston Show map of Maine Lewiston Show map of the U.s. | |
| Coordinates: 44°5′51″N 70°11′33″W / 44.09750°N 70.19250°W / 44.09750; -seventy.19250 Coordinates: 44°5′51″N lxx°11′33″Westward / 44.09750°N seventy.19250°Westward / 44.09750; -lxx.19250 | |
| State |  Usa |
| State |  Maine |
| Canton | Androscoggin |
| Incorporated | 1795 (as Lewistown) 1863 (every bit Lewiston) |
| Village | South Lewiston |
| Government | |
| • Type | City Quango |
| • Mayor | Carl Sheline |
| Area [4] | |
| • Total | 35.54 sq mi (92.03 kmii) |
| • Land | 34.fifteen sq mi (88.44 km2) |
| • Water | one.39 sq mi (3.sixty km2) 4% |
| Tiptop | 217 ft (66 chiliad) |
| Population (2020)[5] | |
| • Total | 37,121 |
| • Density | i,087/sq mi (419.7/kmtwo) |
| • Demonym | Lewistonion |
| Time zone | UTC−five (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−iv (EDT) |
| Zero code format | 04240, 04241, 04243 |
| Area lawmaking | 207 |
| FIPS code | 23-38740 |
| Website | www |
Lewiston (;[6] French: [luistɔ̃]; officially the City of Lewiston, Maine)[7] is the 2nd largest urban center in Maine and the most key urban center in Androscoggin County.[eight] The urban center lies halfway betwixt Augusta, the state's upper-case letter, and Portland, the country's near populous city. It is half of the Lewiston-Auburn Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly referred to as "L/A." or "Fifty-A."[ix] Lewiston exerts a significant touch upon the variety, religious variety, commerce, didactics, and economic power of Maine. Information technology is known for an overall depression cost of living, substantial access to medical care, and a relatively low trigger-happy-crime rate.[10] [xi] In recent years, the City of Lewiston has also seen a spike in economic and social growth. While the ascendant language spoken in the city is English, it is home to the largest French-speaking population in the United States (by population) while it is second to St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, in pct of speakers.[12] [13] [14]
The Lewiston area traces its roots to 1669 with the early presence of the Androscoggin tribe (the namesake of the county in which the city resides). In the late 18th century, the expanse (then a part of Massachusetts) slowly became populated past Quebec families and was incorporated as "Lewistown" in 1795.[15] The presence of the Androscoggin River and Lewistown Falls made the town an attractive area for manufacturing and hydro-power businesses. The rise of Boston rail and fabric tycoon Benjamin Bates saw rapid economical growth rivaling that of Cambridge, Worcester, and Concord. The increase in economical stimulus prompted thousands of Quebecers to drift, causing a population boom; the populace rose from 1,801 in 1840 to 21,701 in 1890. In 1855, local preacher Oren Burbank Cheney founded the Maine Country Seminary, the first coeducational university in New England and i of the first universities to admit black students before the Emancipation Declaration. Lewistown quickly became associated with the liberal arts and was incorporated equally "Lewiston" in 1864, a year before the college was chartered as Bates College.
The metropolis is home to the but basilica in Maine, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul; 5 colleges and universities; 44 listings on the National Annals of Historic Places; the Androscoggin Depository financial institution Colisée; the Stephens Observatory; the Olin Arts Heart; the Bates College Museum of Art (BCMoA); and two significant general hospitals: Primal Maine Medical Heart and Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center. The city'south population was 37,121 at the 2020 United States Census.[sixteen]
History [edit]
Conception [edit]
Prior to European colonization, the region of Lewiston was inhabited past the Androscoggin, an Abenaki people. During the 17th century, Androscoggin were the among the outset Native American tribes to brand contact with European colonists in Maine. Tensions soon deteriorated over colonial expansion, and conflicts with colonists and epidemics of infectious diseases devastated the Androscoggin, which responded by migrating to New French republic from 1669 onwards. By 1680, the Androscoggin had been completely driven out of Maine. The governor of New France, Louis de Buade, allocated them two seigneuries on the Saint Francis River.[17]
Colonial beginnings [edit]
A grant comprising the area of Lewiston was given to Moses Fiddling and Jonathan Bagley, members of the Pejepscot Proprietors, on January 28, 1768, on the condition that 50 families alive in the expanse before June 1, 1774. Bagley and Little named the new town Lewistown. Paul Hildreth was the first man to settle in Lewiston in the autumn of 1770. By 1795, Lewiston was officially incorporated as a town.[xv] At least four houses that have survived from this period are currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
King Artery and Ralph Avenue were named afterward Ralph Luthor King, who owned the land near the fairgrounds. Elliott Avenue was named after his married woman, Grace O. Elliott, whose son eventually built the family home at 40 Wellman Street.
Industrial development and Benjamin Bates [edit]
Lewiston was a slow just steadily growing farm town throughout its early on history. By the early on-to-mid-19th century, all the same, as h2o power was existence honed, Lewiston's location on the Androscoggin River would prove to brand it a perfect location for emerging industry.[15] In 1809, Michael Little congenital a large wooden sawmill next to the falls. Burned in 1814 by an arsonist, information technology was afterwards rebuilt. In 1836, local entrepreneurs—predominantly the Piffling family and friends—formed the Androscoggin Falls Dam, Lock & Culvert Visitor:
...for the purpose of erecting and amalgam dams, locks, canals, mills, works, machines, and buildings on their own lands and likewise manufacturing cotton, wool, iron, steel, and paper in the towns of Lewiston, Minot, and Danville.[18]
The sales of stock attracted Boston investors—including Thomas J. Hill, Lyman Nichols, George L. Ward and Alexander De Witt. De Witt convinced textile and rail tycoon Benjamin Bates, and then-President of the Union Pacific Railroad, to come to Lewiston and fund the emerging Lewiston Water Power Company. Soon later Bates arrived, the company created the kickoff canal in the urban center. In the bound of 1850, some 400 men recruited in and effectually Boston by construction contractor Patrick O'Donnell arrived in Lewiston and began work on the canal organisation.[19] Impressed with the labor strength and "working spirit" of the Lewistonions, Bates founded the Bates Manufacturing Company, leading to the construction of 5 mills starting with Bates Mill No. ane. In August 1850, Maine Governor John Hubbard signed the incorporation act and the mill was completed 1852. Bates positioned the manufactory in Lewiston due to the location of the Lewiston Falls which provided the mill with power. Under Bates' supervision, during the Civil State of war, the mill produced textiles for the Union Army. His mills generated employment for thousands of Canadians and immigrants from Europe. The mill was Maine's largest employer for iii decades.[20]
Child going to piece of work at five:30 a.m. in Lewiston, 1909. Photograph by Lewis Hine.
This company began Lewiston's transformation from a pocket-sized farming town into a fabric manufacturing eye on the model of Lowell, Massachusetts.[15] The creation of the Bates manufacturing trusts saw rapid economic growth, positioning the city as the wealthiest metropolis in Maine,[21] [22] and created budding affluent districts such as the Main Street–Frye Street Historic District. Although the odd-majority of the population was working class, a distinctive upper form emerged at this time. The Bates Mill remained the largest employer in Lewiston from the 1850s to the mid-late 20th century.
Saints Peter and Paul Basilica, one of only a few basilicas in New England, and the merely i in Maine, on Ash Street
Railroad construction was key to the evolution of both Lewiston and its neighbor, Auburn. In 1849, the Androscoggin & Kennebec railroad, running through Lewiston and Auburn, connected these towns to Waterville and the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railway line betwixt Portland, Maine, and Montreal, Quebec. The Androscoggin & Kennebec Railroad was synthetic by Irish laborers, many of whom joined the Lewiston canal construction crews in 1850. The Irish laborers and their families lived in shanty-town neighborhoods called "patches".[23] By 1854, one quarter of Lewiston'south population was Irish, the highest concentration in any settlement in Maine.[24] Subsequently, trains connected Quebec with Lewiston on a daily schedule. During the Civil War, the high demand for textiles helped Lewiston develop a stiff industrial base through the Bates Enterprise. Yet, the concentration of wealth in Benjamin Bates sparked the 1861 Lewiston cotton fiber riots which prompted him to requite thousands of dollars back to the urban center and expand the employment opportunities at his mills. In 1861, a flood of French-Canadian clearing into Maine began, spawned by industrial work opportunities in Maine cities with water power from waterfalls.[25] This brought a significant influx of Québécois millworkers who worked alongside Irish immigrants and Yankee manufactory girls. Lewiston's population boomed between 1840 and 1890 from one,801 to 21,701. Canadiens settled in an surface area downtown that became known equally Little Canada, and Lewiston's character has remained largely Franco-American ever since. In 1855, a Maine preacher traveled from Parsonsfield to Lewiston to establish an institution of college learning in the city. In 1855, the Maine State Legislature was petitioned by Lewiston locals to found the Maine Country Seminary. The school opened in 1855, and educated the working form of Maine while likewise providing education for blacks and women at a time when other universities barred their entrance. At its founding, information technology became the first coeducational higher in New England and i of the primeval proponents of abolition.[26] [27] [28]
During this time, in 1863, Lewiston was incorporated as a city. In 1872, St. Peter'southward church building was built in Lewiston. This was the first French-Canadian national church in Maine. In 1864, the Maine Country Seminary was renamed Bates College in honor of Benjamin Bates.[29]
In 1880, Le Messager, a French-linguistic communication paper, began printing in Lewiston to serve its predominant ethnic population. The local Kora Shrine was organized in 1891 and held its first meetings in a Masonic temple on Lisbon Street. This group would from 1908 to 1910 build the Kora Temple on Sabattus Street, the largest domicile of a fraternal organization in the state. Architect George Thousand. Coombs designed this Moorish-style structure.
City leaders decided to build a cathedral to which the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland could relocate. Construction of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul began in 1905 and ended in 1938, funded more often than not through thousands of pocket-sized donations from Lewiston residents. It is the largest Roman Cosmic Church building in Maine, and Lewiston's most prominent landmark. While the Diocese of Portland did non relocate to Lewiston, the church nevertheless became a basilica in 2004. It is one of the few American basilicas outside of a major metropolitan expanse.
Black and white photo of Lewiston factories c. 1910
Lewiston-Auburn Shoe Strike [edit]
In 1937, i of the largest labor disputes in Maine history occurred in Lewiston and Auburn. The Lewiston-Auburn Shoe Strike lasted from March to June and at its peak involved 4,000 to five,000 workers on strike. After workers attempted to march across the Androscoggin River from Lewiston to Auburn, Governor Lewis Barrows sent in the Maine Army National Guard. Some labor leaders, among them CIO Secretary Powers Hapgood, were imprisoned for months afterward a Maine Supreme Judicial Courtroom guess issued an injunction seeking to end the strike.
Textile investment [edit]
Subsequently World War I, profits from the textile industry in New England mill towns such equally Lewiston; Biddeford; Manchester, New Hampshire; Waterbury, Connecticut; and Fall River, Haverhill, Lawrence and Lowell, Massachusetts began to pass up. Businesses began moving to the South due to lower costs of ability from more than modernistic technologies (Lewiston's h2o wheel engineering science gave way to hydroelectricity, cheaper transportation (as most cotton wool and materials came from the Southward), and cheaper labor).
Starting in the late 1950s, many of Lewiston's textile mills began closing. This gradually led to a run-downward and abased downtown area. Concatenation stores located downtown—Woolworth's, W. T. Grant, S. Due south. Kresge, JC Penney and Sears Roebuck—shut their doors or moved to malls on the outskirts of Lewiston or Auburn. The metropolis's flagship section store, the four-story B. Peck & Co., closed in 1982 after more than a century in business. As businesses and jobs began to leave the metropolis, people followed. The population stopped increasing at its previous charge per unit and began to slowly reject after 1970, then at a greater rate in the 1990s.[30]
Economic diversification and renaissance [edit]
After a difficult economic menses in the 1980s that saw high unemployment and downtown stagnation, several key events take led to economical and cultural growth, including the transformation of the historic Bates Mill Circuitous. Considering the urban center took over the complex in 1992 after back taxes went unpaid, years of taxpayer frustration in the city's demand to maintain the 1.1-1000000-foursquare-foot (100,000 mii) behemoth led to two referenda (ane not-bounden vote, the other binding). Voters soundly supported the need to pursue redevelopment by maintaining the property and selling it to individual developers. In 2001, the city sold iii mill buildings to local developers. In 2003, Platz Associates sold the Bates Manufacturing plant Complex, with the exception of Mill five and a small back up edifice. For the next four years, a number of business enterprises expanded afterwards Platz redeveloped the mill edifice.[30] The Bates Mill complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Dec 2010.
Statue in Kennedy Park, Lewiston, commemorating fallen soldiers in the Ceremonious War
In May 2004, the city officials announced a plan for urban renewal nigh the downtown area. The plan was to demolish several blocks of 19th-century millworker housing, lay new streets with updated infrastructure, construct more owner-occupied, lower-density housing, and build a boulevard through 1 neighborhood using federal Community Development Block Grant funds provided over a period of x years. Some residents of the afflicted neighborhoods felt that the plan was initially announced with piffling input from them. They formed a neighborhood group called "The Visible Community", which has since been actively involved in the planning procedure, and resulted in cooperation betwixt neighbors and metropolis officials to redesign Kennedy Park, including input on the location of new basketball courts, and feedback regarding creation of the largest all-physical skate park in Maine.[31]
Downtown is home to a new headquarters for Oxford Networks, along with a $20-million upgrade in local fiber-optics, a new automobile parts shop, a campus of the for-profit Kaplan Academy, the headquarters for Northeast Bank, a parking garage, and the newly renovated Maine Supply Co. building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. That facility is at present chosen the Business Service Centre at Fundamental Bank Plaza, and is home to the local Chamber of Commerce, the Lewiston-Auburn Economic Growth Quango, and an arrangement with a number of business service providers.
The area's renaissance has gained local, regional, and national recognition. In 2002 and again in 2006, the L-A expanse led the state in economic evolution activity, according to the Maine Department of Economical and Community Development's listing of business organisation investments and expansions. In a 2006 KPMG International study measuring the toll of locating and maintaining a business, Lewiston ranked get-go among the New England communities analyzed, and finished 24th out of 49 U.Southward. communities analyzed.
Lewiston earned a 2007 All-America City Award designation by the National Borough League. The national competition "recognizes communities whose residents work together to identify and tackle customs-wide challenges and accomplish measurable, uncommon results." x cities are selected as All-America Cities each twelvemonth.[32]
In 2017, Forbes Mag named Lewiston one of its top 25 places to retire, citing relatively low cost of living, skilful access to medical care, and extremely depression violent crime charge per unit.[10] [11]
Somali and Bantu migration [edit]
Hospital Foursquare in c. 1910
In 1999, the United States authorities began preparations to resettle an estimated 12,000 refugees from Somalia to select cities throughout the United States. Most of the early arrivals in the United States settled in Clarkston, Georgia, a city adjacent to Atlanta. Nonetheless, they were mostly assigned to low-rent, poverty-stricken inner-city areas, so many began to look to resettle elsewhere in the U.S.[33]
Give-and-take soon spread that Lewiston had a low crime charge per unit, expert schools and cheap housing.[34] In 1999, ethnic Somalis subsequently began a secondary migration from other states to the former mill town, and after 2005, many Somali Bantus, a separate ethnicity, followed suit.[33]
In Oct 2002, and then-Mayor Laurier T. Raymond wrote an open letter of the alphabet addressed to leaders of the Somali community, predicting a negative impact on the city'southward social services and requesting that they discourage farther relocation to Lewiston.[34] The letter of the alphabet angered some persons and prompted some community leaders and residents to speak out confronting the mayor, drawing national attention. Demonstrations were held in Lewiston, both by those who supported the immigrants' presence and those who opposed it.[35]
In January 2003, about 32 members of a white nationalist group from Illinois demonstrated in Lewiston to denounce Somali immigrants.[36] This prompted a simultaneous counter-demonstration on the campus of Bates Higher to demonstrate back up of the Somali customs.[36] The rally repudiating the white nationalists attracted 4,000 attendees, including governor John Baldacci, Senators Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins and other officials.[36] Mayor Raymond was reportedly out of boondocks on vacation on the twenty-four hour period of the protests.[36]
In August 2010, the Lewiston Sun Periodical reported that Somali entrepreneurs had helped reinvigorate downtown Lewiston past opening shops in previously airtight storefronts. Amicable relations were also reported by the local Franco-American merchants and the Somali storekeepers.[37]
Somali farmers have had a positive affect on Lewiston agriculture life. Farming was known to be "low caste"[38] to Somalis, before they were forced to labor during slavery. Since migrating to Maine farming has become a role of life to some Somalis.
Somali-American players contributed to the Lewiston Loftier School boys soccer team'southward state championship wins in 2015, 2017, and 2018[39] [twoscore] under coach Mike McGraw.
National Register of Historic Places listings [edit]
- Androscoggin Mill Block
- Atkinson Building
- Bergin Block
- Bradford Business firm
- Captain Kingdom of the netherlands House
- College Block-Lisbon Block
- Continental Mill Housing
- Cowan Mill
- Dominican Block
- Dr. Louis J. Martel House
- Dr. Milton Wedgewood House
- First Callahan Building
- Kickoff McGillicuddy Block
- Showtime National Bank
- G Trunk Railroad Station
- Hathorn Hall, Bates College
- Healey Asylum
- Holland-Drew House
- James C. Lord House
- John D. Clifford House
- Jordan School
- Kora Temple
- Lewiston City Hall
- Lewiston Public Library
- Lewiston Trust and Condom Deposit Company
- Lord Block
- Lower Lisbon Street Celebrated District
- Lyceum Hall
- Maine Supply Company Edifice
- Manufacturer's National Banking concern
- Marcotte Nursing Home
- Oak Street School
- Odd Fellows Block
- Osgood Building
- Pilsbury Cake
- Saint Mary'due south General Hospital
- Savings Bank Cake
- Second Callahan Cake
- Sen. William P. Frye House
- St. Joseph'southward Catholic Church
- Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul
- Trinity Episcopal Church building
- US Post Office-Lewiston Maine
- Spousal relationship Block
Geography [edit]
According to the The states Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.54 square miles (92.05 km2), of which 34.15 foursquare miles (88.45 kmii) is land and 1.39 foursquare miles (three.sixty km2) is h2o.[41] Lewiston is tuckered by the Androscoggin River, which forms its western border. The metropolis is bordered by Auburn beyond the river, besides as the towns of Greene, Sabattus, and Lisbon. Information technology is between Portland, the state'due south largest city and cultural center, and the state capital letter of Augusta.
Neighborhoods [edit]
Downtown [edit]
Downtown Lewiston runs from Oxford Street up to Jefferson Street, and from Adams Avenue to Main Street. This is the city's most densely settled expanse, abode to virtually half the population. It contains more often than not housing, although on Lisbon Street and Principal Street, information technology is entirely businesses. This neighborhood was one time the commercial hub of the whole county, merely with the metropolis's economic pass up, many downtown stores closed and the sometime manufactory housing became run-down, resulting in fallen land values. But similar many postal service-industrial centers, there has followed a catamenia of renovation and revitalization that continues today.
Holy Family Catholic Church building
This neighborhood includes:
- Lisbon Street Business District
- Country Kitchen Staff of life Manufacturing plant
- Tree Street Youth Heart
- Lewiston Metropolis Hall
- Lewiston Public Library
- Bates Mill Circuitous
- The Root Cellar
- Kennedy Park
- The Public Theatre
- S.S. Peter and Paul Basilica
- Agora Grand Event Eye, formerly St. Patrick's Church
- St. Joseph'due south Church
- Key Maine Medical Centre
- Railroad Park
- Androscoggin Banking company Colisée
- Webb's Market
- Farmers Market place
Webster Street neighborhood [edit]
Consisting mostly of suburban mid-income housing, this neighborhood runs between Lisbon and Webster Streets, E Avenue, and Alfred Plourde Parkway. Schools that serve this neighborhood are Farwell Uncomplicated, Martel Uncomplicated, Lewiston Center Schoolhouse, and Lewiston High Schoolhouse.
Pond Route neighborhood [edit]
This neighborhood is divisional by the triangle formed by Pond Road, Randall Route, and Sabattus Street (Route 126). This neighborhood is mostly mid-income suburban residential. McMahon Unproblematic, Lewiston Middle School, and Lewiston High School serve the area.
Climate [edit]
Lewiston has a humid continental climate, with very significant temperature variation throughout the year. Summers are usually short, warm, and boiling, while winters tend to be very cold, long, and snowy. Lewiston averages 74 inches of snow annually, although this number varies greatly from wintertime to wintertime. Snow tends to be the dominant course of precipitation between belatedly November and belatedly March, although freezing pelting, sleet, and pelting tin also occur in the winter when large depression force per unit area systems track directly over or west of the city. Summer in Lewiston typically consists of pleasant temperatures, although high humidity tin can make the temperature experience more uncomfortable at times. Severe summer storms, such equally tornadoes and tropical cyclones are rare, but non unheard of.[42]
| Climate data for Lewiston, Maine (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar month | Jan | Feb | Mar | April | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | October | Nov | Dec | Yr |
| Average high °F (°C) | 28.4 (−2.0) | 31.6 (−0.2) | 40.three (4.6) | 52.9 (11.6) | 65.3 (18.5) | 74.1 (23.four) | 79.9 (26.six) | 79.2 (26.2) | 70.3 (21.3) | 57.6 (fourteen.2) | 45.0 (seven.2) | 34.2 (1.2) | 54.ix (12.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 20.0 (−6.7) | 22.six (−5.2) | 31.4 (−0.3) | 43.9 (6.6) | 55.6 (13.ane) | 64.9 (xviii.3) | lxx.viii (21.6) | 69.viii (21.0) | 61.three (16.three) | 49.4 (nine.seven) | 38.2 (3.4) | 27.iii (−2.6) | 46.3 (7.9) |
| Average depression °F (°C) | 11.6 (−xi.3) | 13.seven (−10.2) | 22.6 (−five.2) | 34.8 (i.half-dozen) | 46.0 (vii.8) | 55.8 (thirteen.2) | 61.8 (16.6) | sixty.4 (fifteen.eight) | 52.two (11.ii) | 41.2 (5.1) | 31.4 (−0.3) | twenty.four (−half dozen.iv) | 37.7 (3.2) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.28 (83) | 3.24 (82) | iii.53 (ninety) | 4.04 (103) | 3.18 (81) | 4.28 (109) | 3.51 (89) | three.36 (85) | three.74 (95) | four.90 (124) | 3.94 (100) | 4.xviii (106) | 45.eighteen (1,148) |
| Boilerplate snowfall inches (cm) | nineteen.iv (49) | 17.three (44) | 12.3 (31) | 2.ix (seven.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | ane.6 (4.one) | eleven.6 (29) | 65.1 (165) |
| Boilerplate precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.0 | 8.2 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 11.five | 10.7 | 9.8 | viii.vii | 9.4 | 9.3 | ten.9 | 120.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | half-dozen.4 | v.seven | 4.6 | 0.eight | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.nine | five.0 | 23.4 |
| Source: NOAA[43] | |||||||||||||
Demographics [edit]
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Popular. | %± | |
| 1790 | 532 | — | |
| 1800 | 948 | 78.two% | |
| 1810 | 1,038 | ix.5% | |
| 1820 | 1,312 | 26.4% | |
| 1830 | 1,549 | 18.1% | |
| 1840 | 1,801 | 16.iii% | |
| 1850 | three,584 | 99.0% | |
| 1860 | 7,424 | 107.1% | |
| 1870 | 13,600 | 83.2% | |
| 1880 | 19,083 | 40.3% | |
| 1890 | 21,701 | xiii.7% | |
| 1900 | 23,761 | ix.5% | |
| 1910 | 26,247 | 10.5% | |
| 1920 | 31,791 | 21.1% | |
| 1930 | 34,948 | nine.nine% | |
| 1940 | 38,598 | ten.iv% | |
| 1950 | 40,974 | half dozen.2% | |
| 1960 | 40,804 | −0.4% | |
| 1970 | 41,779 | two.4% | |
| 1980 | 40,481 | −3.1% | |
| 1990 | 39,757 | −1.8% | |
| 2000 | 35,690 | −ten.2% | |
| 2010 | 36,592 | 2.5% | |
| 2020 | 37,121 | 1.4% | |
| sources:[44] [45] | |||
2010 census [edit]
As of the 2010 demography, there were 36,592 people, 15,267 households, and 8,622 families residing in the metropolis. The population density was 1,071.5 inhabitants per square mile (413.7/km2). There were sixteen,731 housing units at an boilerplate density of 489.nine per square mile (189.2/km2). The racial makeup of the urban center was 87%White, 8.three% Black, 0.iv% American Indian and Alaska Native, i.0% Asian, two.0% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 0.6% from some other race, and ii.half-dozen% from two or more races.[5]
In 2010, at that place were 15,267 households, of which 27.v% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, thirteen.7% had a female householder with no husband present, five.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.5% were non-families. Of all households, 34.4% were made upwards of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was two.26 and the average family size was 2.ninety.
The median age in the metropolis was 37.4 years. 22.1% of residents were nether the age of eighteen; 12.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the urban center was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census [edit]
As of the 2000 census, in that location were 35,690 people, xv,290 households, and viii,658 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,047.0 people per square mile (404.ii/km2). There were 16,470 housing units at an average density of 483.2 per square mile (186.5/kmtwo). The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 1.ane% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 1.iii% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 0.4% from some other race, and 1.7% from two or more races.[46]
People of French-American descent were past far the most represented indigenous group in Lewiston, with 29.4% beingness of French-Canadian descent and eighteen.3% French (the 2 were listed as separate categories in the census although the vast bulk were of French-Canadian descent). Following French were Irish at 10.2% and English at 9.9%.
There were xv,290 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the historic period of 18 living with them, 40.nine% were married couples living together, 11.viii% had a female householder with no married man present, and 43.4% were non-families. Of all households, 35.9% were made upward of individuals, and thirteen.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the boilerplate family size was 2.81.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,743, and the median income for a family unit was $46,289. Males had a median income of $38,881 versus $xxx,465 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,014. About 16% of families and 21.vii% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.eight% of those under historic period eighteen and 17.vii% of those age 65 or over.
Native language [edit]
Survey Year 2000 Source:[47]
| Language | Population | Per centum (%) |
|---|---|---|
| English | 24,250 | 72.51% |
| French | 8,620 | 25.77% |
| Spanish | 280 | 0.83% |
| Other languages | 293 | 0.88% |
Voter registration [edit]
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment equally of January 2015[48] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Total Voters | Percentage | |||
| Autonomous | 10,400 | 42.11% | |||
| Unenrolled | 8,636 | 34.97% | |||
| Republican | 4,307 | 17.44% | |||
| Greenish Independent | one,351 | five.47% | |||
| Total | 24,694 | 100% | |||
Politics [edit]
| Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[49] | 55.30% 9,616 | 41.59% 7,232 | 3.11% 540 |
| 2016[49] | 48.96% viii,222 | 43.69% seven,336 | 7.35% 1,185 |
| 2012[49] | threescore.61% 9,624 | 36.50% v,796 | 2.89% 459 |
| 2008[49] | 62.84% 10,629 | 35.24% 5,961 | ane.92% 324 |
| 2004[49] | 61.73% 11,021 | 36.53% 6,523 | 1.74% 311 |
Economy [edit]
Big businesses [edit]
- Central Maine Medical Center: Founded by Edward H. Hill in the mid-1860s CMMC (Cardinal Maine Medical Center) is downtown at High Street. The campus includes several large parking facilities, a LifeFlight of Maine helipad. In recent years the hospital has created the Key Maine Heart and Vascular Institute, and the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Promise & Healing. The hospital has approximately 250 beds, and approximately 300 physicians. Information technology is a Level 2 trauma centre. Cardinal Maine Medical Center is the flagship hospital of Central Maine Medical Family. The organization runs two other hospitals, one in Bridgton and another in Rumford. It besides operates CMMC College of Nursing and Health Professions; and many affiliated long-term care facilities, clinics and practices throughout fundamental and western Maine. The current president of the hospital concatenation is Peter E. Chalke. The Central Maine Medical Family is a cake away from the hospital on Bates Street in the Lowell Square Building, a refurbished cloth mill. CMMC recently underwent major renovations to their emergency department.
The Lewiston Sun Journal on Park Street
- Country Kitchen Bakery: Country Kitchen is downtown between Lisbon and Park streets. Owned by Georgia-based Flowers Foods, State Kitchen currently services all of the United states of america. It operates a 2d factory a few hundred feet away betwixt Canal and Lincoln streets.
- Walmart Distribution Middle: Walmart currently operates a 485,000-square-pes (45,100 mii) warehousing facility in Lewiston. It is the country's largest facility, and is i mile (1.half dozen km) from exit lxxx on I-95 on Alfred A. Plourde Parkway. This facility currently services all New England Walmarts.
- Lord's day Journal: The Sun Journal is a daily newspaper that is headquartered on Park Street. It operates several different offices throughout Central and Western Maine. In Androscoggin County it prints the City Edition, news about the Lewiston-Auburn area. They also print the Oxford County, Franklin County, and State Editions. It is the third largest newspaper in the state.
- Modula - System Logistics: An engineering and manufacturing company which designs and builds automated storage equipment used in distribution centers around the country.
- Sazerac Company, the owner of Boston Brands of Maine, purchased the White Stone bottling plant in Lewiston on Saratoga Street where they run a 24/7 production of the popular Fireball Cinnamon Whiskey.[50]
Lisbon Street [edit]
- Downtown Lisbon Street: Lisbon Street is the commercial and regime eye of Lewiston. In its downtown department, it features many constabulary offices, the city library, the district court, Senator Susan Collins' office, several stores created by and for the Somali community, and a variety of restaurants and shops including Forage Marketplace, The Vault, Marche, Kimball Street Studios, Dube's Flowers, FUEL Restaurant, Orchid, Mother India, J Dostie Jewelers, and Bear Basic Beer. Downtown Lisbon Street is too dwelling house to the Sally Moving-picture show Festival besides as Art Walks on the final Friday of each month during summertime.
- Upper Lisbon Street: Past downtown features several malls, including the Lewiston Promenade Mall and the Lewiston Mall. There are too many chain restaurants, some car dealerships, and many other private businesses.
Primary Street [edit]
A dwelling in Lewiston, off Main-street
U.S. Route 202 and Maine State Routes 11 and 100 are co-signed along Primary Street.
- Downtown Primary Street: Main Street starts near the downtown area at the Governor James B. Longley Memorial Span, which crosses from Auburn. Crossing into Lewiston, one passes Veterans Memorial Park, a large park on the waterfront that commemorates all veterans. Next is a small hydro-establish that was used to power the textile mills on Canal Street. After the culvert bridge there is the downtown section of Primary Street. It features the L.50. Bean Phone call Eye in the Peck Building, a TD Bank branch, the former St. Joseph's Church, Central Maine Medical Center, in addition to many other businesses.
- Upper Main Street: By downtown there are several businesses and several chain stores and restaurants, merely information technology is generally residential. The street is lined with large 19th-century Victorian mansions, some of which remain houses and some which have been converted into doctors' offices.
Tiptop employers [edit]
According to Lewiston'south 2011 Comprehensive Almanac Financial Report,[51] the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| i | Central Maine Medical Center | 2,381 |
| ii | St. Mary'southward Health System | 1,798 |
| 3 | TD Depository financial institution | 1,026 |
| 4 | Bates College | 788 |
| v | Walmart | 650 |
| half dozen | Affiliated Reckoner Services | 500 |
| 7 | McKesson | 440 |
| eight | Geiger | 322 |
| ix | Liberty Mutual | 307 |
| 10 | Lepage Bakeries (Flowers Foods) | 303 |
Arts and culture [edit]
Library [edit]
- The Lewiston Public Library has played a major role in the emerging culture of Lewiston. It was renovated and expanded in 1996. The library is downtown on the corner of Lisbon Street and Pine Street and has over 150,000 items in its collection. Recently, it opened the Marsden Hartley Cultural Center, holding various community events such every bit concerts, lectures, and film festivals.
Museums [edit]
- Museum L-A: Museum L-A is a museum in a sometime textile factory building. It honors the people who worked and lived in this community. At Museum L-A visitors can walk through a simulated production line, then view exhibits roofing the textile, shoe, and brick industries that in one case thrived in Lewiston and Auburn. The museum is in Bates Mill Number 4 in the Bates Mill Circuitous. In June 2009 the museum acquired Camden Mill and plans on moving to those facilities once information technology is refurbished.
- The Bates College Museum of Art features a wide variety of art. The art students at this school create much of this metropolis'south art life.
- The Atrium Gallery: at the Academy of Southern Maine campus in Lewiston. This Museum features a wide diverseness of fine art.
The Franco Heart [edit]
The Franco Center opened in 2000 in what was formerly St. Mary'due south Parish. The performing arts centre programs events for both Franco-American related performances as well as other cultural displays, such equally the Center's Pianoforte and Celtic Serial. The diverse programming of the venue hosts both local and international performers. The Center as well hosts events and serves every bit a museum of the metropolis'south Franco-American by with historical artifacts and documentation on brandish as well equally a pocket-sized library.
The Public Theatre [edit]
Lewiston too features The Public Theatre, which puts on different plays throughout the year with about six to eight productions per season. Information technology is downtown on Maple St. It was on Park street. It features all types of plays, with actors from all over the world. Its offices are in Auburn at the Great Falls Plaza.
Events [edit]
Emerge Pic Festival [edit]
The Emerge Film Festival was first held in June 2014 in downtown Lewiston and Auburn. In 2019 the festival was held at Rinck Advertising and the Franco Center.[52]
The Great Falls Airship Festival [edit]
The Nifty Falls Balloon Festival is an event that is held i weekend in August every year. The Festival includes launching of balloons, games, and carnival rides. The launch sites take place at several open parks on the Lewiston-Auburn Androscoggin Riverfront. People come up from all around the state and Canada to run across the festivities.
Festival Franco [edit]
Formerly known every bit Festival de Joie, Festival FrancoFun is held annually at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée and is a celebration of the city'southward Franco-American heritage. The festival features performances from French-Canadian musicians too every bit native French-Canadian nutrient.
Liberty Festival [edit]
Held on July iv of each twelvemonth, the festival is the name given to the fireworks event over the Peachy Falls of the Androscoggin River in between the twin cities. The fireworks are launched in West Pitch Park in Auburn. Major viewpoints of the fireworks are Veterans Park, railroad Park and Great Falls Plaza in Auburn.
Patrick Dempsey Challenge [edit]
Lewiston hosts the almanac Dempsey Challenge, which began in 2009. The result, hosted by Lewiston-native Patrick Dempsey, in a run/walk and cycling fundraiser for cancer research. In its opening year the event raised over one million dollars. The result has attracted famous athletes from all around including participants in the Tour de France. All the gain go to the Patrick Dempsey Heart for Cancer Promise at the Central Maine Medical Middle.
Sports and recreation [edit]
The Androscoggin Bank Colisée [edit]
The center of sports in Lewiston is the Androscoggin Bank Colisée (formerly known as the Central Maine Civic Center). The Lewiston Maineiacs, the but American team to have played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, played their outset flavour in 2003–04 and dissolved the team after the 2010–11 season. The Colisée is also the abode to the country Class A and Course B high school hockey championships each year. The urban center as a whole is known for its strong passion for the game of hockey, probable related to its French American heritage. Two Lewiston schools, Lewiston High School and St. Dominic Regional High School (now in Auburn), combine for over one-half of the land class A high schoolhouse hockey championships in the land's history. During the 2013–fourteen American Hockey League flavor, the Portland Pirates played their showtime 12 home games at the Colisée while the Cumberland Canton Civic Middle is being renovated.
The inferior Maine Nordiques of the North American Hockey League have played their home games at the Colisée since 2019.
Ali vs. Liston rematch [edit]
In May 1965, Lewiston became the venue for a heavyweight title rematch between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston; Ali had defeated Liston in a controversial fight in Miami Beach, Florida in February 1964, and the Globe Boxing Council was demanding an immediate rematch, which was against World Boxing Association rules (the WBA somewhen stripped Ali of their title). The rematch was originally planned to exist held in Boston, but was halted by Massachusetts boxing authorities due to licensing issues. Promoters were eventually able to frame a lucrative deal moving the fight to the Colisée in Lewiston. As the venue held less than three,700 spectators, only 2,434 fans were present, setting an all-time record for the lowest omnipresence for a heavyweight championship friction match. The fight was the scene of the famous photograph of Ali continuing over Liston taunting him with his glove.[53] Ali won by first round knockout.
Lewiston Twins (1891–1930) [edit]
Lewiston was home to modest league baseball. Beginning in 1891, Lewiston was abode to the Lewiston Twins and other teams, who played in various seasons through 1930. Lewiston teams played every bit members of the New England League (1891–1896, 1901), Maine State League (1907), Atlantic Association (1908) and New England League (1914–1915, 1919, 1926–1930). Baseball Hall of Fame fellow member Jesse Burkett managed the Lewiston Twins in 1928 and 1929. Between 1901 and 1919, Lewiston teams played home games at A.A.A. Park. Kickoff in 1926, the Lewiston Twins played home games at Lewiston Athletic Park.[54] [55] [56] [57] [58]
Maine Nordiques (1973–1977) [edit]
The Maine Nordiques were a professional person hockey team that operated in the former North American Hockey League from 1973 to 1977. They were based at the Primal Maine Youth Middle in Lewiston. The Nordiques served as a farm club for the Quebec Nordiques of the Globe Hockey Association.[59]
Lewiston Maineiacs [edit]
The Lewiston Maineiacs were a major inferior hockey team that played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The Maineiacs moved to Lewiston in 2003 from Sherbrooke, Quebec, and were the only team in the QMJHL in the United States. They played their home games at the Androscoggin Banking concern Colisée. In 2006–07, the Maineiacs won the Jean Rougeau Trophy for having the all-time tape in the QMJHL, won the President's Loving cup as QMJHL playoff champion, and represented the league at the 2007 Memorial Loving cup. Several Maineiacs alumni have played in the National Hockey League, including Jaroslav Halák, Jonathan Bernier, David Perron and Alexandre Picard. The Maineiacs were disbanded in 2011.
Lewiston/Auburn Nordiques [edit]
The Lewiston/Auburn Nordiques were a Tier 3 junior ice hockey team that played in the North American 3 Hockey League. During the 2018–nineteen season the squad recorded a 50–5 record, winning the NA3HL regular flavour championship and the Coastal Division championship. The team also made information technology to the Fraser Loving cup finals this season, losing a shut game to the Texas Brahmas 2–1. The squad ceased operations after the 2019–xx flavour.
Maine Nordiques (2019–present) [edit]
The Maine Nordiques are a Tier II inferior ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League'due south East Division. They started play during the 2019–20 flavor at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée.[lx] The team is coached by Nolan Howe, grandson of hockey great Gordie Howe and son of NHL Hall of Famer Mark Howe.[61]
Education [edit]
Lewiston'southward public educational activity organization has recently seen a number of new buildings constructed for Farwell Unproblematic School and Pettingill School, at present replaced with the 600 Student capacity Geiger Simple School. Plans to redo the city's Thomas J. McMahon Schoolhouse are nether way.
The urban center is also dwelling to and often associated with liberal arts Bates College.[62]
Colleges and universities [edit]
- Maine Higher of Health Professions
- Bates College
- University of Southern Maine - Lewiston/Auburn Campus
- Central Maine Community College - Auburn
Public schools [edit]
Lewiston Public Schools operates public schools.
- Lewiston Loftier School (ix-12) 1,446 students
- Lewiston Regional Technical Center (9-12)
- Lewiston Center School (7-8)
- Farwell Uncomplicated School (Thou-6)
- Raymond A Geiger Elementary School (K-vi)
- Robert V. Connors Unproblematic School (Chiliad-vi)
- Montello Schoolhouse (K-vi)
- Thomas J McMahon Simple Schoolhouse (Grand-6)
Private schools [edit]
- The Discovery School (PK-12)
- Saint-Dominic Academy
- Vineyard Christian School (PK-12)
Media [edit]
Newspapers [edit]
- The Lord's day Journal prints a daily newspaper in four different editions statewide. The Lord's day Journal was the recipient of the 2008 New England Daily Newspaper of the Year and the 2009 Maine Printing Clan Newspaper of the Twelvemonth.
- Lewiston Evening Journal ran from 1866 to 1989.
- The Twin Urban center Times is a free weekly paper printed in Auburn. It is publicly bachelor in Lewiston besides. It features local news and short manufactures.
Television [edit]
Lewiston is part of the Portland television marketplace, and receives all major channels in that marketplace. WGME-TV and WCSH both have local bureaus in the city, and are across the street from each other on Master Street.[ citation needed ]
Radio [edit]
Five radio stations are licensed to serve the city of Lewiston. These stations are:
- WARX/93.9, ambulation a non-commercial religious format. It is the old sis station of WCOU, now WIGY.
- WIGY/1240, airing an adult contemporary format simulcasting WEZR.
- WFNK 107.5, which is branded equally 107.5 Frank FM and airs a classic hits format that is targeted primarily at Portland area listeners.
- WLAM 1470, which airs a standards format branded as The Memories Station.
- WRBC 91.5, which is the college radio station of Bates College.
Infrastructure [edit]
Transportation [edit]
Public transportation [edit]
The city of Lewiston uses the Citylink or Purple Autobus system. Passengers employ Citylink in collaboration with Auburn and Lisbon.
The downtown shuttle is the simply line that requires no fare at all. It runs through the downtown of both Lewiston and Auburn. Information technology maintains just one line that goes into Lisbon. The Citylink services on boilerplate approximately 235,000 people a twelvemonth.
Roadways and major routes [edit]
- Interstate 95 / Maine Turnpike: Formerly Interstate 495, runs through Lewiston. Get out lxxx serves the urban center via Alfred Plourde Parkway in the Industrial Park. I-95 provides a connectedness to Portland being twoscore minutes away, Bangor about 90 minutes abroad, and Boston, about 2 hours away from the Lewiston Leave.
- U.Southward. Road 202 / Maine Land Routes 11 and 100: These 3 routes run through Lewiston along Principal Street. Information technology runs straight through the centre of downtown to the business organisation parks outside town, and the northern Lewiston suburbs. Connects Lewiston to Auburn and Greene. Provides fast transportation to Augusta and Kennebec Valley.
- Maine State Road 196: Starts in Lewiston at U.S. Route 202, Main Street. In Lewiston it is Canal Street, which turns into Lisbon Street. This road connects Lewiston to Lisbon, and provides like shooting fish in a barrel access to the towns of Topsham and Brunswick. This route ends on U.Southward. Route 1 in the City of Brunswick. It connects to Interstate 295 in Topsham.
- Maine State Route 126: Starts in Lewiston at US Route 202, Main Street. In Lewiston information technology is Sabattus Street and connects Lewiston to the town of Sabattus.
Bridges [edit]
- Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge: Built in 1973 to commemorate the veterans of the Vietnam War. Information technology connects Lewiston to Auburn. It provides fast transportation from Russell Street, and Main Street to Auburn's Mt. Auburn Ave, and shopping centers on Center Street and the Mall Surface area.
- Governor James B. Longley Memorial Bridge: Connects Chief Street in downtown Lewiston to Court Street in Downtown Auburn. Named after Lewiston resident and Governor of Maine James B. Longley.
- Bernard Lown Peace Bridge: Connects Picayune Canada and New Auburn. Starts in Lewiston as Cedar Street and starts in Auburn every bit Broad Street. Commemorates quondam Lewiston resident and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Bernard Lown.
Airports and bus station [edit]
- Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport: The official airport of the 2 cities. It currently provides full general aviation facilities. Although the urban center is serviced by an airport, near people use the Portland International Jetport for commercial flights in and out of the state.
- Oak Street Charabanc Station: Greyhound Lines operates a bus line out of Lewiston. The double-decker lines go as far as Bangor and Boston. From those 2 destinations more travel opportunities are available.
- Hold Coach Lines - Bully Falls Plaza/Bates Higher: Provides passenger vehicle directly transportation to Logan International Airport and South Station in Boston, with multiple trips daily.
Hydroelectric Energy Generation [edit]
- In outer Lewiston at the terminate of Switzerland Road in that location is the Gulf Island hydroelectric dam operated by Brookfield White Pine Hydro and Key Maine Ability Visitor. It generates electricity via the waterflow of the Androscoggin River. Its nameplate capacity is 19.2MW
- Further down the river is the Deer Rips hydroelectric dam, too operated past Brookfield White Pine Hydro and Fundamental Maine Power Company. Its nameplate chapters is 10.1MW
- Further down the river is the Charles Due east. Monty hydroelectric dam, also operated by Brookfield White Pine Hydro and Central Maine Ability Visitor. Its nameplate capacity is 28.4MW
Notable people [edit]
In popular culture [edit]
- The Farmers' Almanac is printed in Lewiston.
- Lewiston is the setting for the fictitious Kingdom Hospital, featured in the thirteen-episode miniseries developed by horror author Stephen King and based on a Danish mini-series, The Kingdom. In 1999 when King was struck by a car while walking in Lovell, he was flown by helicopter and treated at Cardinal Maine Medical Center in Lewiston. In the mini-serial, the infirmary is built on the site of a textile mill which fabricated military uniforms during the Civil War, which the Bates Mill and other Lewiston textile factories actually did. King attended unproblematic school in the nearby town of Durham and loftier school in the neighboring town of Lisbon Falls.
- Twins Francis Edgar Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley invented the photographic dry plate process, that they used in their studio on Lisbon Street in the late 19th century. They later sold the patent to a company that became Eastman Kodak. They eventually went on to invent the Stanley Steamer.
References [edit]
- ^ Larson, Wayde. Faith Past Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates, 1855–1877. Lewiston, ME: Bates Higher.
- ^ a b Barrows, Gridley (July 1, 1974). "Historic Lewiston". The Lewiston Historical Commission . Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- ^ Skinner, Ralph (December 22, 1963). "History of the Metropolis Seal". WLAM – via Metropolis of Lewiston, Maine.
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". Usa Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
- ^ Brault, Gerard J. (1986). The French-Canadian Heritage in New England. UPNE. ISBN9780874513592.
- ^ "Lewiston, Maine Lease". Archived from the original on December 23, 2016.
- ^ "Population per square mile, 2010". www.census.gov . Retrieved May x, 2017.
- ^ "Lewiston and Auburn, Maine | Nearly Bates | Bates College". world wide web.bates.edu . Retrieved May ten, 2017.
- ^ a b "Lewiston is ane of the all-time places to retire in the US, according to Forbes". Retrieved Apr 25, 2017.
- ^ a b "25 Best Places to Retire in 2017". Retrieved Apr 25, 2017.
- ^ "In Maine, a little French goes a long way". Public Radio International . Retrieved May 10, 2017.
- ^ "In Maine, A Common Language Connects French Canadians, African Immigrants". NPR.org . Retrieved May ten, 2017.
- ^ "Footling Lewiston, ME has 34 languages in the school arrangement!". Refugee Resettlement Watch. May 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 188–191.
coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
- ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Lewiston city, Maine". United States Demography Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ Bruce Chiliad. Trigger (ed.): Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Northeast. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1978 ISBN 0-16-004575-iv
- ^ Elder, Janus G. A History of Lewiston, Maine with a Genealogical Register of Early Families page 52.
- ^ Mundy, James H. (1990). Hard Times, Difficult Men: Maine and the Irish gaelic 1830-1860. Auburn Public Library: Harp Publications. p. 59. ISBN0-9626389-0-0.
- ^ "Maine Emigration and Immigration | Learn | FamilySearch.org". familysearch.org . Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ Johnson, Chase (1980). The Life of Benjamin E. Bates. Adams Media.
- ^ Chase, Harry. Bates College was named after Mansfield Man. Edmund Muskie Archives: National Resources Trust of Mansfield. p. 5.
- ^ Mundy, James H. (1990). Hard Times, Difficult Men. Auburn Public Library: Harp Publications. p. 60. ISBN0-9626389-0-0.
- ^ Mundy, James H. (1990). Hard Times, Difficult Men. Auburn Public Library: Harp Publications. p. 59. ISBN0-9626389-0-0.
- ^ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the country of Maine. Lewiston, Boston: Russell, archived from the original on May five, 2017, retrieved Jan xiii, 2011
- ^ "September 1857: The Maine State Seminary opens | 150 Years | Bates College". world wide web.bates.edu . Retrieved February 21, 2016.
- ^ "Bates College: A Brief History". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ Mary Caroline Crawford,The College Girl of America and the Institutions which brand her what she is, (LC Page, Boston: 1904), pg. 284
- ^ "A Cursory History | 150 Years | Bates College". world wide web.bates.edu . Retrieved May 10, 2017.
- ^ a b "History of Lewiston, Maine (municipal site)". Archived from the original on June nineteen, 2007.
- ^ Voyer, Andrea Yard. (October 21, 2013). Strangers and Neighbors: Multiculturalism, Conflict, and Community in America. Cambridge Academy Press. pp. 155–. ISBN9781107657748 . Retrieved November nineteen, 2014.
- ^ "LEWISTON NAMED ALL-AMERICA CITY". Lewiston Auburn Maine It's Happening Here!. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- ^ a b "Perceived Barriers to Somali Immigrant Employment in Lewiston - A Supplement to Maine'due south Section of Labor Report" (PDF) . Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "The New Yankees", Female parent Jones, March/Apr 2004
- ^ "The Cracking Somali Welfare Hunt". Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Maine Somalis Generate Dueling Protests Small white nationalist group is outnumbered past 4,000 who show upwards to rally against racism". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. January 12, 2003. Retrieved Nov ii, 2016.
- ^ Somali stores bring people back to Lisbon Street Lewiston Sun-Journal, Baronial 30, 2010
- ^ "Somali refugees build a future equally farmers — in Maine". The World from PRX.
- ^ "Annual Champions and Runners-upward in Soccer". Maine Principals Association . Retrieved April 12, 2018.
- ^ Vortherms, Taylor (November 4, 2017). "Boys' soccer: Lewiston earns Grade A title with OT win over Portland". Portland Press Herald . Retrieved April 12, 2018.
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- ^ "Station: Lewiston, ME". U.South. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
- ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved Dec 8, 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link), accessed December 2007. - ^ "Lewiston urban center, Maine - Population Finder - American FactFinder". Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United states Census Bureau. Retrieved Baronial iv, 2013.
- ^ "Information Middle Results". apps.mla.org.
- ^ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of January 7, 2015" (PDF). Maine Bureau of Corporations.
- ^ a b c d e "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.South. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
- ^ Journal, Kathryn SkeltonSun (February 17, 2020). "Maker of Fireball Cinnamon Whisky moving to 24/vii production in Lewiston, adding 46 jobs". Lewiston Sunday Journal . Retrieved April one, 2020.
- ^ "City of Lewiston CAFR" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2014.
- ^ "2019 Schedule | Emerge Film Festival". emergefilmfestival.org . Retrieved May 4, 2020.
- ^ "Nigh Popular". CNN.
- ^ "Lewiston, ME - BR Bullpen". www.baseball game-reference.com.
- ^ "Jesse Burkett Pocket-size Leagues Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts on April 21, 1914 · seven". Newspapers.com.
- ^ "AAA Park in Lewiston, ME history and teams on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
- ^ "Lewiston Athletic Park in Lewiston, ME history and teams on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
- ^ "Maine Nordiques Statistics and History". hockeyDB.com. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
- ^ "NAHL team in Lewiston, Maine canonical for the 2019-20 flavor". NAHL.com. February 28, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Fournier, Nathan (March 25, 2019). "Maine Nordiques name Howe equally first Head Double-decker". SunJournal.com . Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ "Bates College Best Higher US News". colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Further reading [edit]
- Elderberry, Janus G., A History of Lewiston, Maine with a Genealogical Register of Early Families. Heritage Books, Inc., 1989
- Hodgkin, Douglas I., Lewiston Memories: A Bicentennial Pictorial. Jostens Printing & Publishing, 1994
- Finnegan, William, Letter from Maine: New in Town, the Somalis of Lewiston. The New Yorker, Dec xi, 2006
- Hodgkin, Douglas I., Frontier to Industrial City:Lewiston Town Politics 1768–1863. Merely Write Books, Topsham, ME, 2008
- Richard, Mark Paul. Loyal just French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the The states (2008) on acculturation in Lewiston since 1860
External links [edit]
- Official website
- Downtown Lewiston Association Downtown Lewiston Maine
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewiston,_Maine
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